Community Activists
Community Activists
The Suffragettes
USA- 1848:300 men and women met rally for women's rights at the Seneca Falls Convention in New York
UK the suffragettes and suffragists campaigned for the women's vote. The first suffrage movement was led by millicent fawcett in 1887
It was a period of feminism activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century. It focussed on legal issues, primarily on gaining the right to vote.
There were several campaigns conducted from the mid-nineteenth century to ensure women in England and the United States something then unheard of for them: suffrage, the right to vote in political elections.
From the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome to the democracies that emerged in Europe after the French Revolution (1789), female voting had never been allowed. The suffragist movement has its origins in nineteenth century urbanization and industrialization.
When women moved from the countryside to the cities to work in factories, women became more aware of their rights. The English writer Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was the great pioneer of the defense of the female vote, in books and manifestos published from 1792.
When women moved from the countryside to the cities to work in factories, women became more aware of their rights. The English writer Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was the great pioneer of the defense of the female vote, in books and manifestos published from 1792.
Their ideas spread to the United States and, decades later, influenced two anti-slavery activists: Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) and Susan Anthony (1820-1906).
In 1852, the two came together to also claim women's participation in democracy. Although the movement was stronger in England and the United States, the first country to allow female voting was New Zealand in 1883.
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks born in 1913-2005 was an activist for the black civil rights movement in the United States. On December 1, 1955, Rosa went down in history by refusing to give in to a white man on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
In Montgomery, the capital of the southern state of Alabama, home to the nation's biggest racial conflicts, since 1900, by law, the first seats of buses were reserved for white passengers.
On December 1, 1955, as Rosa returned from work, she took one of those buses and sat in one of the seats in the middle of the collective. When some whites got on the bus and stood up, the driver demanded that Rosa and three other blacks get up to make way for the whites. While the other three rose, Rosa refused to comply and remained seated.
Police were called and Rosa Parks was arrested and taken to prison for violating the Montgomery City Code segregation law despite not being seated in the first seats. The next day, Rosa was released after she was bailed by Edgar Nixon, NAACP president and her friend Clifford Durr.
Rosa's arrest sparked a major outcry that resulted in a boycott of city buses as black workers and supporters began walking miles to work, causing serious damage to the company.
The protests were supported by several personalities who were involved in the movement, including Martin Luther King, who was a pastor in the city of Montgomery, and gospel singer Mahalia Jackson, who held a series of shows to help activists who were arrested.
The movement against segregation lasted 382 days and only ended on November 13, 1956 after the Supreme Court declared segregation laws unconstitutional. It was the first movement against segregation that emerged victorious on US soil.
On December 21, 1956, Martin Luther King and Glen Smiley, the white priest, boarded a bus together and took first place. Rosa Parks was nationally recognized as the “mother of the modern civil rights movement”.
The difficulties didn't stop, Rosa suffered death threats and had a hard time getting a job. In 1957 he moved to Detroit, Michigan. In 1964 she became deaconess of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.
Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King born in 1929-1968 was an American activist, fought against racial discrimination and became one of the leading leaders of black civil rights movements in the United States. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
From a young age Martin Luther King became aware of the situation of social and racial segregation in which the blacks of his country lived, especially in the southern states.
In 1955, he began his struggle for the recognition of civil rights of black Americans with peaceful methods, inspired by the figure of Mahatma Gandhi and Henry David Thoreau's theory of civil disobedience, the same sources that inspired Nelson Mandela's struggle against Apartheid in South Africa.
On December 1, 1955, the black seamstress, Rosa Parks was arrested and fined for occupying a seat reserved for white people, since on Montgomery buses the driver had to be white and blacks could only occupy the last seats.
Rosa Parks' silent protest spread quickly. The Women's Political Council organized a boycott of city buses as a protest measure.
Martin Luther King supported the action and, little by little, thousands of blacks began to walk miles on their way to work, causing damage to transport companies. The protest lasted 382 days, ending November 13, 1956, when the US Supreme Court abolished racial segregation on the Montgomery buses.
It was the first victorious movement of its kind recorded on American soil. On December 21, 1956, Martin Luther King and Glen Smiley, the white priest, entered together and took the front row seats of the bus.
Movements against black segregation provoked the anger of authorities and racist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, who violently attacked the participants, Luther King himself and the Black Panther activist groups and the Muslim Malcolm X.
In 1957 Martin Luther King founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, being its first president. He began organizing campaigns for black civil rights. In 1960, he was able to free blacks from public parks, libraries and cafeterias.
Abdul Durrant
Abdul Durrant, a cleaner at HSBC's headquarters who shot to fame last year when he protested at the firm's annual meeting about his pay of £5 an hour, yesterday thanked the bank's chairman for giving him a 28% rise.
Last year Mr Durrant told the meeting: "We receive a whole £5 an hour, no pension, a miserly sick scheme. Our children go to school without adequate lunch."
HSBC avoided embarrassment at yesterday's annual meeting by announcing a pay deal that will give cleaners between £6.40 and £7.10 an hour.
Mr Durrant stood up to thank Sir John Bond, HSBC's chairman: "The cleaners at HSBC are very pleased with your decision to raise our standards and raise our money. I have come here to thank you ... I now have more time with our children and can give them quality time.
"In the language of the street, they say 'big respect'."
He presented the chairman with the book Who Runs This Place? by Anthony Sampson, which charts the shift of power from the old establishment to wealthy businessmen.
Sir John replied to a comment from Mr Durrant by saying: "There is no such thing as big shots or smaller shots, we are all people ... Good luck to you." He expressed concern that Mr Durrant had missed college to attend the meeting.
HSBC also tried to deflect a protest by Friends of the Earth about clients' destruction of Indonesian rainforests with new guidelines for customers.
"We view this as an opportunity to work with the group's customers to achieve sustainable forestry practices," said Sir John.
Protesters complained, however, that HSBC had transferred the debt of one of their main targets, London Sumatra, so the bank can no longer bring pressure to bear on the company to persuade it to improve its behaviour.
Black lives matter
The Black Lives Matter movement fights against police brutality and the economic, social and political conditions that oppress US blacks. The Black Lives Matter movement, or “Black Lives Matter,” spread across the United States in late 2014 and early 2015 in protest of the murder of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri and Eric Garner in New York City. The two young men were murdered by police officers and at the time it sparked a great revolt. Today, the BLM movement has become an organization that aims to fight not only against police brutality, but also against the economic, social and political conditions that oppress US blacks.
The movement was founded by three black activists: Alicia Garza, director of the National Domestic Workers Alliance, Patrisse Cullors, director of the Coalition to End Sheriff Violence in Los Angeles and Opal Tometi, immigrant rights activist. It all started in 2013 by organizing a protest against the acquittal of George Zimmerman, a neighborhood watchman, in the case of the murder of Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old black man. But it was in 2014 that the movement took on major proportions because of the murder of Michael Brown in Ferguson. In August 2014, the Black Lives Matter organized a "freedom march" that featured 500 activists in Ferguson.
In the winter of 2014/2015, the BLM organization convened demonstrations across the country. On February 25, at the University of Washington, Seattle, hundreds of students dropped out in support of the movement to report several racist incidents on campus. On February 28, in Chicago, the BLM, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Gay Liberation Network convened a protest rally in front of Homan Square police headquarters, where several African Americans and other protesters were held without calling or telling. with the assistance of a lawyer, as well as being abused. On March 9, at the Armory Show, a major New York City exhibition, a group of BLM artists read poems, performed musicals, and performed a mock that recalled Eric Garner's death. On March 15, in Louisville, members of the BLM rallied in 4th Street Live's leisure and dining district to protest the arrest of a black man, wearing frowning shorts and a headscarf, outfits that are banned on the 4th. Street Live. On March 16 in Portland, a group of BLM members demonstrated at a restaurant, where there was a mostly white clientele, and read aloud the names of blacks murdered by police and then asked those present to rise. as a sign of solidarity, which some have done. On July 9 of that year, hundreds of people took to the streets of London in the multi-ethnic Brixton district of the south of the British capital, with signs containing phrases like "Stop killing us" and "White silence costs lives."
Comments
Post a Comment