Surrealism
Surrealism
Surrealism was an artistic and literary movement of French origin, characterized by the
expression of thought spontaneously and automatically carried on only by the impulses of
the subconscious, disregarding logic and rejecting the established standards of moral and
social order.
expression of thought spontaneously and automatically carried on only by the impulses of
the subconscious, disregarding logic and rejecting the established standards of moral and
social order.
The origin of the term Surrealism occurred in 1917, through G. Apollinaire, which is a word
meaning "what is above realism". Nevertheless, as an artistic and literary movement, it only
appeared in France in the 1920s.
meaning "what is above realism". Nevertheless, as an artistic and literary movement, it only
appeared in France in the 1920s.
Surrealism aimed to push the boundaries of imagination that had been created by bourgeois
thought and its logical tradition and artistic ideas that had been in place since the Renaissance.
thought and its logical tradition and artistic ideas that had been in place since the Renaissance.
The surrealist movement evolved despite being in danger of being exterminated because
contrary manifestations emerged based on anarchism. Many thinkers of the movement
exchanged accusations, claiming that they did not follow the purposes of surrealism.
Despite this climate of tension, surrealism prospered and influenced human thinking because
it created a new conception of the world and the human being, but also a relevant change in the artistic process.
contrary manifestations emerged based on anarchism. Many thinkers of the movement
exchanged accusations, claiming that they did not follow the purposes of surrealism.
Despite this climate of tension, surrealism prospered and influenced human thinking because
it created a new conception of the world and the human being, but also a relevant change in the artistic process.
Some scholars claim that surrealism was in the process of being gestated until 1924 when the Manifeste du Surréalisme (Manifesto of Surrealism) by Breton was born. In place of the value system they intended to abolish, the Dadaists and Surrealists` resorted to the recently disseminated psychoanalytic theories to formulate a new poetic thought.
Surrealism Cinema
The surrealist movement was born in France, the beginning of the 20th century, where a series of artists give a twist to what was known as Dadaism, a provocative movement that, in a manner of speaking, opposed and stimulated art in equal parts. The surrealist term appears coined for the first time in 1916 by Apollinaire, however as far as the cinema is not well into the 20s when the first examples of surrealist cinema begin to be seen. The date taken as reference for the birth of the surrealist cinema was in 1928.
It is born from daring authors and aside from the conventional worrying that this type of films lacked all aesthetic and moral principles and would include dreamlike fantasy, unscrupulous and cruel humor, lyrical eroticism, the deliberate desorden of different times and spaces. This type of audiovisual art was used to criticize the bourgeoisie and try to exterminate it. The aesthetic value of this movement is in the images themselves, they use collage, overexposed images, cast, chained, accelerated, slow cameras, arbitrary joints between flat and unusual angles, its main objective is to highlight the world of dreams and of the unconscious. Surrealist cinema precedents are in the broader movement of avant-garde cinema of Cubist and Dadaist character, which began to develop around 1925. Examples of this trend are Ballet Mecánique de Fernand Léger (a cubist painter) or the Dadaist film Entreacto aims of 1924), by Réne Claire and Francis Picabia characterized by the creation of visual metaphors. Another avant-garde attempt was The Starfish (1928), by Man Rav and Robert Desnos, which was limited to a chain of molten planes that constituted a photographic series rather than a surrealist film.
An example of a surrealist filmmaking would be the film “An Andalusian Dog (1929)” In a surrealistic film with input from Salvador Dalí, director Luis Buñuel presents stark, surrealistic images including the splitting open of a woman's eye and a dead horse being pulled along on top of a piano. A mysterious film open to interpretations ranging from deep to completely meaningless, this short (17-minute) film certainly presented something new in the cinema of its day.
“The Holy Mountain”, A Christlike figure wanders through bizarre, grotesque scenarios filled with religious and sacrilegious imagery. He meets a mystical guide who introduces him to seven wealthy and powerful people, each representing a planet in the Solar system. These seven, along with the protagonist, the guide and the guide's assistant, divest themselves of their worldly goods and form a group of nine who will seek the Holy Mountain, in order to displace the gods who live there and become immortal.
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